{"id":7399,"date":"2021-06-20T16:15:13","date_gmt":"2021-06-20T14:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/?p=7399"},"modified":"2021-10-11T14:45:23","modified_gmt":"2021-10-11T12:45:23","slug":"thermoregulation-du-cheval","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/thermoregulation-du-cheval\/","title":{"rendered":"Horse thermoregulation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7399\" class=\"elementor elementor-7399\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea20764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea20764\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de94b2e\" data-id=\"de94b2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9df55b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9df55b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"651\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7402\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2.jpg 651w, https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2-400x264.jpg 400w, https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration2-600x396.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee37df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ee37df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"><b>Horse thermoregulation<\/b> is a heat regulating device. It helps maintain body temperature within \u00b1 2 \u00b0 C. We take rectal temperature as a benchmark.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; the \u201cstandard\u201d may vary:<\/span><\/div><ul class=\"bi6gxh9e aov4n071 fjf4s8hc mf5omzu7\"><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">stalion : 37.6\u00b0C<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">foal: 39.3 \u00b0 C<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">lower in the morning than in the afternoon (we can reach 1 \u00b0 C difference)<\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b166a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b166a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where does the thermoregulation of the horse take place?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-214bfda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"214bfda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>L<b>Skin<\/b> is the place of heat dissipation to the outside. Dissipation depends on the difference between skin temperature and ambient temperature.<\/li><\/ul><p>=&gt; The skin, the cutaneous tissues and the fat of the subcutaneous tissues are bodily insulating systems.<\/p><ul><li><b>The fat<\/b>\u00a0is particularly important.\u00a0<\/li><li>But <b>fur<\/b> also has a major insulating role. It retain a more or less important layer of air (with a quick thickness adjustment by the erection control).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d62c8e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d62c8e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermogenesis and thermolysis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f8785 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90f8785\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">Thermal equilibrium results from the balance between heat production (thermogenesis) and heat loss (thermolysis).<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"bi6gxh9e aov4n071 fjf4s8hc mf5omzu7\"><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">On the one hand, the<strong> basal thermogenesis<\/strong> results from metabolic activity. When the horse moves, feeds ... it causes additional thermogenesis. Muscles produce more than 80% of body heat during work!<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">On the other, the <strong>thermolysis<\/strong> is accompanied by a feeling of cold. It is due to:<\/span><\/div><ul class=\"bi6gxh9e aov4n071 fjf4s8hc s380gnzp\"><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">radiation (radiation emitted by a wall, a surface).<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">conduction: by contact with a material that is not at the same temperature (solid or fluid).<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">convection: by renewing a fluid (air, water) around the horse. The loss is accentuated in a draft.<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">evaporation of water.<\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5431d96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5431d96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal neutrality<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d69b85f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d69b85f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">There are 2 lethal room temperature extremes that exceed temperature control capabilities: <\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">too cold (hypothermia) <\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">and too hot (heat stroke). <\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; thermoregulation will take place between the two.<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">for an adult horse accustomed to moderate climatic conditions: its thermal neutrality zone is <b>entre + 5 \u00b0C et + 25 \u00b0C<\/b>.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">for an adult horse used to cold climatic conditions: its thermal neutrality zone is <b>entre -15 \u00b0C et + 10 \u00b0C\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; il faut 3 semaines \u00e0 un cheval pour s&#8217;habituer \u00e0 de nouvelles conditions climatiques.<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cf5d4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cf5d4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Estimate the heat experienced by the horse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe77449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe77449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">We may think it is particularly \"hot\", but this is misleading. The accuracy of our interpretation depends on many factors such as:<\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">if we are acclimatized and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">how long we have been exposed to heat;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">how hydrated we are;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">if we rest or if we work and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">how hard we work;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">our individual tolerance to heat;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">whether we are in the sun or in the shade and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">whether it's windy or not ...<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">We measure the 5 components of thermal stress:\u00a0<\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">temperature in the shade (hence the value of planting trees);<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">the amount of humidity in the air (often measured in% relative humidity): to check <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoclimat.fr\/cartes\/observations-meteo\/archives\/humidite-relative\/8\/juin\/2018\/18h\/france.html?fbclid=IwAR0m-xOPAFvBu_tP4bo5K_sI0bCDCuTIVfoSK27vIasJBf9-9tSispvcbq0\">live humidity level, at your place, have a look there\u00a0<\/a> ;<\/strong><\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">the strength of the sun (the one that determines the index of our sunscreens): in cloudy weather the strength of the sun is less strong;<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">the reflection of the radiation on the ground (hence the interest to reflect on the coatings chosen for equestrian surfaces - and also for the tracks)<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">wind speed (remember to spot air currents in your home)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>=&gt; to get an idea of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techniquesdelevage.fr\/2015\/08\/puis-je-demander-un-travail-a-mon-cheval-par-temps-chaud.html?fbclid=IwAR0SbnKqm6iPZpjldj7OIM2dkxgH9WM3ow1AZEp18Tuzb884UMt_86fYx7o\"><strong>\"temperature \/ hygrometry\" component allowing you to consider or not an activity with your horse, see this article here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31e013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f31e013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1 - Fight against heat by facilitating thermolysis:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6df4f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6df4f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"bi6gxh9e aov4n071 fjf4s8hc s380gnzp\"><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"><b>To begin with, with redistribution at the level of the skin<\/b> : the subcutaneous capillary networks (deep and superficial) make it possible to modify the insulating qualities of the skin. Those are <strong>\u201cradiator\u201d zones<\/strong> (ears, tail) favorable to caloric losses (short and not very dense hairs). They allow \u201clong-term\u201d regulation.<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"><b>And also by redistribution of blood to the limbs<\/b> : particularly significant heat losses at the extremities. The oxygen supply to the muscles must be assured, therefore the blood flow is maintained. But, there is a redistribution of blood in the limbs.<\/span><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\" style=\"color: var(--global-palette4); font-family: var(--global-body-font-family);\">On a hot horse, you can see the veins under the skin<\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\" style=\"color: var(--global-palette4); font-family: var(--global-body-font-family);\">=&gt; venous return borrows<b> the saphenous vein <\/b>(it's a peripheral vein). <\/span><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\" style=\"color: var(--global-palette4); font-family: var(--global-body-font-family);\">The arterial blood arriving at the level of the skin (not cooled by exchanges of heat against the current with the venous blood), is hotter: this facilitates the thermal losses. The ascending venous blood warms up on contact with the arterial blood which cools down as it descends. The anatomy provides for heat exchangers: veins surrounding a ventral artery. This allows the arterial blood to warm the venous blood coming from the skin and cool it down before it reaches the skin.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">Showering the inside of the hind limbs helps thermoregulation: but this technique is very wasteful in water. . It is important to take this into account:<\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">to organize rainwater harvesting, for example, to supply horses' showers, <\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">or to favor other means of thermoregulation.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457a5d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"457a5d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Brain case<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24509c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24509c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">Brain temperature should not increase by 1 \u00b0 C. A special irrigation allows its control with a dissociation between brain and body temperature. <\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">In the horse, the internal carotid artery passes through the cranial cavernous sinus, allowing counter-current heat exchange and thermoregulation of the central nervous system.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li>In the case of the mounted horse, the pair of throaty air-filled pouches that envelop the internal carotid arteries are another thermoregulatory mechanism.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><div>=&gt; Showering the horse on the top of the head will optimize the radiating effect of the ears and promote thermoregulation of the brain.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd5c8ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd5c8ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case of the testicles<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b065e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89b065e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">In the horse, spermatogenesis requires a testicular temperature lower than body temperature. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">There are anatomical devices that reduce testicular temperature:<\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"> the muscles that relax when the ambient temperature rises and move the testicles away from the body, <\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">the warm blood of the testicular artery is cooled by countercurrent exchanges in the testicular veins,<\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"> there is also no adipose tissue, <\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">but abundant sweat glands.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div>=&gt; Showering the male at the level of the testicles will increase the thermoregulation effect.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-713d4f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"713d4f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2 - Fight against heat by increasing losses:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fda92a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fda92a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">First :<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3d75d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3d75d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">L\u2019<b>evaporation of water.<\/b> is an efficient cooling process. Under normal temperature and humidity conditions, 2 phenomena allow the loss of about 25% of the heat produced in the animal at rest.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\">\u00a0<\/div><ul class=\"bi6gxh9e aov4n071 fjf4s8hc mf5omzu7\"><li><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">La\u00a0<b>sweating<\/b> is predominant in large species.<\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">The skin can be cooled to a temperature below room temperature, resulting in an exogenous supply of energy. It is carried out by the elimination of water by the sweat glands. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">Horse sweat contains glycoproteins. They will promote the dispersion of sweat on the coat and therefore increase evaporation. This glycoprotein is responsible for the scum found in areas of friction (foaming properties). <\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; When we shower a horse we will trigger a mechanism comparable to sweating: <\/span><\/div><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">a first loss by <strong>convection<\/strong> (body heat will pass through the water which is heated by contact), <\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">and when you then pass the heat knife to leave only a thin film of water,<strong>this is the evaporation mechanism<\/strong> which is added (hence the interest in doing so). <\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; if there are drafts where the horse is left to dry, this increases the loss (hence the precautions to be taken not to leave the horse anywhere, because it can really catch a cold ... ). <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; it is important to learn to pass the heat knife not to dry the horse but to leave just enough water to promote perspiration.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b112d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b112d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Secondly<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7f9004 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7f9004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">Thermoregulation is one of the functions of the respiratory system. <b>Thermal polypnea<\/b>\u00a0results in a sudden acceleration of respiratory movements. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">The movements of air on a moist surface (nasal mucosa with the nostrils opening as much as possible, and tracheal) ensure a significant loss of water and therefore energy. It is usually accompanied by an increase in saliva production, which can therefore lead to a considerable increase in thermolysis.<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-408d6d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"408d6d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WARNING<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180c480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"180c480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>A horse can lose up to 15 liters of perspiration per hour of intense activity in high heat AND its perspiration contains 4 times more salts than that of humans.<\/div><div>1) we always <strong>leave water available<\/strong> to the horse at all times (without letting him jump on it).<\/div><div>2) it is necessary to plan <strong>supplement with electrolytes<\/strong> :<\/div><ul><li>of course, we leave a salt stone available at all times, but we know that the horse will not always consume it.<\/li><li>We will therefore also be able to put salt on the hay or in the supplements distributed.<\/li><\/ul><div>3) it is useful to learn to <strong>check the horse's hydration level<\/strong> with the skin fold test (Pinch the skin at the point of the shoulder and note the time it takes for the skin to return to its place):<\/div><ul><li><em>immediate replacement: the horse is not dehydrated<\/em><\/li><li><em>in 2 to 3 seconds: dehydration is slight<\/em><\/li><li><em>in 6 to 10 seconds: dehydration is really important and you have to act<\/em><\/li><li><em>beyond that, the horse is in danger of death !!!<\/em><\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1637424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1637424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3 - Two ways to fight against heat by reducing thermogenesis:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28a4a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"28a4a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1) Reduction of endogenous thermogenesis:<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85a6ba7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85a6ba7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"><b> <\/b>reduced food intake: we will leave hay at will but do not supplement with foods rich in energy (of course we adapt on a case-by-case basis: this is not to put the horse in difficulty: in the case of the horse usually mounted, his \u201csporting activity being reduced, so too are his needs),<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"> food consumption at night: we can observe the behavior of horses and notice that their consumption will decrease during the day to focus on the cooler hours<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c14bee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c14bee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2) And reduction of exogenous thermogenesis:<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d16631d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d16631d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">The surrounding environment can provide energy. <\/span><\/p><ul><li><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">adoption of a position vis-\u00e0-vis the sun minimizing the exposed surface;<\/span><\/li><li>shaded areas are favored (natural, with many hedges, judiciously arranged according to the course of the sun - or artificial, with shelters, shade sails and others);<\/li><li>the choice of floor coverings matters:<ul><li>we know that dark colors and mineral materials absorb heat and then release it.<\/li><li>it is also known that light colors have dazzling reverberation properties. The best compromise has to be found.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e866806 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e866806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4 - Other thermoregulatory mechanisms<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5367ae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5367ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">There are mechanisms for regulating body temperature via:<\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">des <strong>nervous feedback mechanisms<\/strong>, <\/span><\/li><li class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">and through<strong> temperature control centers<\/strong> located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"> =&gt; there are temperature sensors that determine whether the body temperature is too high or too low. <\/span><\/p><ul><li><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">heat sensitive neurons<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">others sensitive to cold<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\"> as well as skin thermoreceptors.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"bi6gxh9e\"><span class=\"d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id\">=&gt; the hypothalamus acts as a thermostat.<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e24bf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e24bf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermoregulation in equine permaculture<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0adf45a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0adf45a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The design of the site will allow:<\/p><ul><li>to locate the microclimates over the seasons;<\/li><li>to choose the components to take advantage of favorable microclimates and reduce unfavorable microclimates.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The thermoregulation of the horse is a device of heat regulation. It helps maintain body temperature within \u00b1 2 \u00b0 C. We take the rectal temperature as a benchmark. =&gt; The \u201cstandard\u201d can vary: stallion: 37.6 \u00b0 C foal: 39.3 \u00b0 C lower in the morning than in the afternoon (we can reach 1 \u00b0 C difference) Where ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bon-gestes-bonnes-pratiques","category-soins-naturels"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/transiration.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7399"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9159,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7399\/revisions\/9159"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/permaculture-equine.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}